Vim li cas Aluminium Txhua Qhov Chaw hauv Spacecraft
Txhua kilogram ntawm lub dav hlau loj txhais ncaj qha rau hauv tus nqi xa tawm, yog li cov ntaub ntawv raug xaiv ua ntej rau lawv lub zog - rau - qhov hnyav piv. Aluminium qhov ntom yog li 2.7 g / cm3, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau, thaum tshav kub-kho alloys xa cov tensile zog piv rau cov qauv hlau. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tso cai rau cov kws tsim khoom tsim cov qauv loj, tawv xws li cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, cov khoom thauj khoom thauj khoom thiab cov tsheb npav satellite ntawm ib feem ntawm cov hlau sib npaug. Aluminium kuj tiv thaiv corrosion, ua kom sov zoo, thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov rov ua dua thermal cycling ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo uas qhov chaw kho vajtse tau ntsib, uas yog vim li cas nws tau ua cov qauv hlau tsis zoo txij li lub hnub qub tshaj plaws thiab tseem yog lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub launchers thiab spacecraft.
Qhov twg Aluminium Alloys siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw?
Ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau xav tau cov khoom sib txawv. Rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam cryogenic, aluminium- tooj liab alloys xws li 2219 tau siv dav vim tias lawv khaws lawv cov tawv thiab lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov kua oxygen thiab hydrogen. Rau cov khoom siv thauj khoom hnyav heev, 7xxx aluminium-zinc alloys xws li 7075 muab lub zog siab tshaj plaws - rau - qhov hnyav piv thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj zoo. Rau cov qauv dav dav thiab fittings, 6061 muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, weldability thiab corrosion kuj. Aluminium-lithium alloys, uas txiav qhov ntom ntom los ntawm ob peb feem pua, tau siv ntau hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom, thiab 5xxx aluminium-magnesium alloys tseem muaj rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov txheej txheem siab vim lawv cov corrosion kuj thiab formability. Qhov tshwj xeeb alloy thiab temper yog ib txwm xaiv tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv load thiab thermal ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom.
Aluminium li Radiation thiab Micrometeoroid Shielding
Qhov chaw muaj kev phom sij uas tsis muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Micrometeoroids taug kev ntawm ntau kilometers ib ob thiab muaj peev xwm puncture nyias cov qauv, yog li spacecraft tawv nqaij siv txhuas txheej uas tawg los yog deflect me me hais ua ntej lawv mus txog qhov tseem ceeb systems. Aluminium kuj tseem muab cov kab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob: nws tus lej nruab nrab atomic cuam tshuam nrog qis - rau - nruab nrab lub zog them cov khoom xws li hnub ci protons, txo cov koob tshuaj mus txog cov neeg coob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Shielding feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntau- txheej txheej txheej, nrog cov txheej txheem txhuas phab ntsa ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem polymer thiab hydrogen- cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj uas nqus cov hluav taws xob theem nrab. Vim hais tias lub hull yog aluminium twb tau lawm, cov txheej txheem loj ua ob lub luag hauj lwm raws li shielding, uas zam lub hnyav payload nplua ntawm nplooj siab hluav taws xob shields.
Cov Kev Sib Tw ntawm Aluminium hauv Chaw
Aluminium tsis yog tsis muaj kev txwv hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Ntev raug rau cosmic hluav taws xob yuav maj mam degrade txhua yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub missions ntev heev. Kev sib tw thermal heev ua rau kev nthuav dav thiab kev cog lus uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm micrometeoroid tuaj yeem dents lossis puncture kuj mos ntawm txhuas qhov chaw, uas yog vim li cas shielding txheej thiab Whipple - style bumper tswvyim yog siv. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb qis orbit, atomic oxygen tawm tsam txhuas qhov chaw, eroding cov txheej txheem oxide tiv thaiv, yog li sab nrauv feem ntau tau txais cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, liab qab hlau nto nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag tuaj yeem txias -weld ua ke, yuav tsum tau lubrication los yog kev kho deg ntawm cov khoom txav. Cov xwm txheej no tau nkag siab zoo thiab tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom siv dav hlau, tab sis lawv piav qhia tias vim li cas txhuas tau ua ke nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv es tsis yog siv ib leeg hauv qhov chaw xav tau tshaj plaws.
Aluminium thiab Sustainable Space Exploration
Saib tom ntej, txhuas cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab ua rau nws txaus nyiam rau cov kev pabcuam chaw nyob ruaj khov. Cov qauv xa rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb lossis rov qab los ntawm deorbit tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab nrog kev txuag hluav taws xob, thiab yav tom ntej lunar lossis Martian hauv paus yuav tsum siv rau hauv -situ kev siv, nrog txhuas ntawm cov khoom sib tw rau kev tsim khoom hauv zos. Lub teeb yuag tseem yog tus neeg tsav tsheb tseem ceeb: txhua kilogram txuag ntawm tus qauv tsim kom txo tau roj, nce payload thiab ncua lub hom phiaj ntau. Raws li cov nqi pib poob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv, aluminium alloys txuas ntxiv mus, nrog kev txhim kho tempers thiab lithium- muaj cov qib thawb lub zog - mus rau - lub hnab ntawv hnyav ntxiv.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Vim li cas aluminium nyiam dua hlau rau lub dav hlau?
Aluminium lub zog- rau- qhov hnyav piv yog qhov zoo dua, thiab txhua kilogram txuag txo tus nqi pib. 6061, 2219 thiab 7075 alloys yog tus qauv rau cov qauv thawj, roj tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov vaj huam sib luag.
Q: Qhov twg aluminium alloy yog siv rau foob pob hluav taws roj tso tsheb hlau luam?
2219 thiab 2195 txhuas-lithium alloys yog cov classic tank alloys rau cryogenic propellants. Cov alloy khaws lub zog thiab toughness ntawm -253 C kub ntawm cov kua hydrogen.
Q: Puas yog txhuas thaiv hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw?
Aluminium muab ib feem tiv thaiv: li 3 mus rau 10 g ib square cm ntawm txhuas txo cosmic hluav taws xob ho, yog li spacecraft phab ntsa ntawm 2 mus rau 5 hli txhuas yog lub ntsiab ntaub thaiv npog. Sib sib zog nqus- qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntxiv kev tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Q: Aluminium puas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov chaw?
Yog lawm. Aluminium tseem muaj zog los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog li 150 C, npog thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag hauv lub orbit. Thermal control coatings thiab pam vov tswj cov viav vias huab cua.
Q: Yuav ua li cas rau aluminium nyob rau hauv qis lub ntiaj teb orbit?
Atomic oxygen tawm tsam liab qab aluminium maj mam, tsim oxide, yog li cov chaw dav hlau tau coated los yog anodized. Cov khoom siv nws tus kheej muaj sia nyob ntau xyoo, raws li pom ntawm ISS, uas yog tsim los ntawm txhuas.
Q: Aluminium -lithium alloy yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li siv nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau?
Aluminium-lithium alloys xws li 2195 thiab 2099 yog kwv yees li 10 feem pua tev thiab 10-15 feem pua stiffer dua li cov pa 2xxx thiab 7xxx alloys. Lawv tau siv rau qhov chaw Shuttle sab nraud tank thiab tam sim no tau teev tseg rau niaj hnub tso tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov qauv los txo qhov hnyav.