Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Cov Xov Tooj Txawb: Lub teeb yuag, Siab -Txoj kev daws teeb meem rau Premium Device Design

Hauv kev lag luam xov tooj ntawm tes sib tw, kev tsim qauv zoo nkauj, lub teeb pom kev zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb uas tsav cov neeg siv khoom xaiv. Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Cov Xov Tooj Txawb tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb rau kev tsim smartphone thiab ntsiav tshuaj, muab kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws ntawm ultra-thin formability, siab mechanical zog, thermal conductivity zoo heev, thiab customizable nto finishes. Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv yas los yog iav, cov ntawv txhuas ua kom zoo nkauj, slim qauv tsim thaum muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv tee thiab hnav txhua hnub. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom tsim lub xov tooj smartphone nrog tag nrho -hlau unibody, cov khoom siv foldable nrog lub thav duab ruaj khov, lossis cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog lub teeb yuag, peb Aluminium Phaj Sheet For Mobile Phones muab qhov tseeb, kev ua tau zoo, thiab tsim kom yooj yim rau koj cov khoom xav tau. Hauv qab no, peb rhuav tshem nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws alloy, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev siv, thiab cov tswv yim tsim tawm los pab koj txiav txim siab yuav khoom.

Crafted los ntawm siab -purity aluminium alloys thiab ua tiav los ntawm kev ua tiav precision dov, annealing, thiab kho cov thev naus laus zis, peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes txhuas ntawv yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li kev ua siab ntev thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Peb tau ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom ua tiav ultra- cov ntsuas ntsuas (txog 0.1 hli) nrog cov tuab tuab tuab thiab tiaj tus, ua kom muaj kev sib txuam tsis sib haum rau hauv cov cuab yeej tsim qauv. Kev ntseeg siab los ntawm cov tuam txhab xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov khoom lag luam thoob plaws Asia, Europe, thiab North America, peb cov khoom tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tswj hwm nruj thiab hloov pauv kev xaiv kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv.

Core Advantages of Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Txawb Xov Tooj

Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Txawb Xov Tooj yog tsim tshwj xeeb los daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom siv mobile niaj hnub. Nov yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kws tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb:

Ultra-Lightweight & Slim Form Factor:Nrog rau qhov ntom ntawm 2.70g / cm³, txhuas yog qhov sib zog dua li cov hlau tsis muaj steel (7.9g / cm³) thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau. Peb cov ntawv ultra-thin aluminium ntawv (0.1mm-1.0mm) pab kom lub teeb yuag cov qauv tsim- txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes los ntawm 15-25% piv rau stainless hlau thav duab, pab txhawb cov neeg siv kev nplij siab thaum siv mus ntev.

High Mechanical Strength & Durability:High-lub zog aluminium alloys (xws li 6061-T6, 7003-T6) siv hauv peb cov ntawv muab lub zog tensile zoo heev (txog 380 MPa) thiab kev cuam tshuam, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov khoom siv txawb tiv thaiv kev poob qis thiab kev sib tsoo txhua hnub. Cov khoom siv zoo qaug zog kuj ua kom lub cev ruaj khov mus ntev, tiv thaiv kev deformation ntawm lub cuab yeej lub neej.

Zoo heev thermal conductivity:Aluminium muaj thermal conductivity ntawm 200-235 W / (m·K), deb tshaj li yas thiab iav. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cua kub dissipation muaj peev xwm pab dissipate cua sov tsim los ntawm CPU, roj teeb, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau zoo, tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv overheating thiab ua kom ruaj khov kev ua tau zoo- tseem ceeb rau siab - smartphones kev ua tau zoo thiab 5G-enabled li.

Superior Formability & Precision Machining:Peb cov ntawv txhuas muaj kev tsim tshwj xeeb, tso cai rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nyuaj xws li CNC milling, stamping, dabtsi yog khoov, thiab anodization-ua kom muaj kev tsim cov qauv zoo nkauj unibody, nkhaus thav duab, thiab cov duab zoo sib xws. Cov khoom siv lub siab ruaj khov ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv nruj (± 0.01mm), ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv mobile.

Customizable Aesthetic Finishes:Cov ntawv txhuas rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes txhawb nqa ntau yam kev kho mob saum npoo av, suav nrog anodization (ntshiab, dub, kub, nyiaj, thiab xim xim), hmoov txheej, txhuam tiav, sandblasting, thiab PVD txheej. Cov kev kho mob no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov cuab yeej pom kev pom tab sis kuj txhim kho kev khawb thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, tswj hwm tus nqi zoo tshaj lub sijhawm.

Corrosion Resistance & Ntev - Lub Sijhawm Kev Ntseeg:Aluminium ib txwm tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxide, thiab kev kho deg ntxiv (anodization, PVD) ntxiv txhim khu kev tiv thaiv corrosion tiv thaiv ya raws, hws, thiab ib puag ncig txhua hnub. Qhov no ua kom cov cuab yeej cov khoom siv hlau tuav lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov tsos, txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev siv hnyav.

Eco-Tus phooj ywg & Recyclable:Aluminium yog 100% recyclable nrog tsawg zoo poob, ua raws li lub ntiaj teb no electronics kev lag luam lub laub rau sustainable manufacturing. Kev siv cov ntawv txhuas txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab xaus - ntawm - lub neej pov tseg, txhawb nqa lub hom phiaj kev ruaj ntseg.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Aluminium Alloys rau kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Cov Xov Tooj Txawb yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus alloy. Peb pom zoo cov alloys hauv qab no raws li koj qhov tshwj xeeb tsim qauv, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag- kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev zoo nkauj:

6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy:Cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov qauv unibody. 6061-T6 muaj qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm lub zog siab (lub zog tensile txog 310 MPa), zoo formability, thiab zoo heev machinability. Nws txhawb ntau yam kev kho deg (anodization, PVD) thiab yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov xov tooj smartphones uas xav tau tus nqi zoo, ruaj hlau chassis.

7003-T6 Aluminium Alloy:Lub siab -lub zog alloy rau hwm cov khoom siv txawb thiab cov xov tooj foldable. 7003-T6 muab lub zog tensile zoo tshaj (txog 380 MPa) thiab kev qaug zog zoo heev, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau lub xov tooj foldable, thav duab, thiab lwm yam siab - kev ntxhov siab. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua anodized kom ua tiav qhov hwm zoo.

5052-H34 Aluminium Alloy:Siv rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes rov qab npog, roj teeb enclosures, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv. 5052-H34 muaj cov qauv zoo, zoo heev corrosion kuj, thiab lub zog nruab nrab (lub zog tensile txog 215 MPa). Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, xws li cov teeb meem roj teeb uas muaj dej noo.

1050-O Aluminium Alloy:Lub siab -purity alloy rau cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab kev tiv thaiv sab hauv. 1050-O muaj cov qauv tsim tau zoo thiab qhov chaw tiav, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau txhuam los yog anodized hniav. Nws muaj lub zog qis dua (lub zog tensile txog li 95 MPa) thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom tsis yog - cov khoom xws li cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab sab hauv EMI shielding.

6063-T5 Aluminium Alloy:Siv rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes nruab nrab thav duab thiab cov khoom sib dhos. 6063-T5 muaj lub zog zoo (lub zog tensile txog 210 MPa), zoo heev extrudability, thiab ib tug du nto tiav. Nws yog tus nqi -zoo piv rau 6061-T6, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau nruab nrab ntawm cov smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj.

Ntsiab Specifications ntawm Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Mobile Phones

Peb Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Cov Xov Tooj Txawb yog tsim los rau cov qauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob nruj tshaj plaws, nrog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb kom haum rau koj cov khoom tsim tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab no yog cov qauv ntsuas (kev cai xaiv muaj raws li qhov kev thov):

Alloy Qib:6061-T6, 7003-T6, 5052-H34, 1050-O, 6063-T5 (thiab lwm yam hlau alloys)

Thickness Ntau:0.1mm - 1.0mm (hom thicknesses: 0.2mm - 0.5mm rau sab nraub qaum / cov khoom zoo nkauj, 0.5mm - 1.0mm rau thav ntawv / cov khoom siv)

Dav Ntau:100mm - 600mm (kev cai dav muaj kom phim cov kab ntau lawm)

Ntev Ntau:200mm - 1200mm (kev cai ntev muaj los txo cov khib nyiab thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom)

Surface Finish Options:Mill tiav ( du, huv si), anodization (ntshiab / dub / kub / nyiaj / xim xim), txhuam tiav (linear / satin), sandblasting (zoo / nruab nrab / ntxhib), PVD txheej (chrome / kub / sawv kub), hmoov txheej

Mechanical Properties (Hom rau 6061-T6):Tensile zog=310 MPa, Tawm lub zog=276 MPa, Elongation=Ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 8%, Brinell hardness=95 HB

Kev kam rau siab:Thickness kam rau ua: ± 0.01mm; Dav / ntev kam rau ua: ± 0.1mm (tseem ceeb rau precision tivthaiv tsim)

Standards Ua raws li:Ua raws li ASTM B209 (Aluminium thiab Aluminium-Alloy Sheet thiab Phaj), EN 485-2 (Aluminium sheets for general applications), GB/T 3880 (Aluminium and aluminium alloys for electronics), thiab RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) directive

Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Zoo:ISO 9001, ISO 14001, RoHS ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem cov ntaub ntawv (MTR) muaj rau txhua pawg; Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntog tiav (kev tiv thaiv khawb, tiv thaiv corrosion) muaj raws li qhov kev thov

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv thov ntawm Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Txawb Xov Tooj

Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb yuag, lub zog siab, thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ua rau Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Txawb Xov Tooj tsim nyog rau ntau yam khoom siv txawb. Cov kev siv tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

1. Smartphone Ncej & Unibody Chassis

Ncej thiab unibody cov qauv rau flagship thiab nruab nrab -smartphones. Siab -lub zog 6061-T6 thiab 7003-T6 alloy nplooj ntawv yog siv los tsim sleek, ruaj thav duab uas tiv thaiv cov khoom siv sab hauv thaum txhawb nqa cov khoom zoo (anodization, PVD). Lub unibody tsim, ua tau los ntawm txhuas qhov zoo heev formability, txhim khu cov cuab yeej kev ncaj ncees thiab kev pom zoo.

2. Foldable Phone Components

Hinges, thav duab, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv rau cov xov tooj smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj foldable . 7003-T6 alloy sheets yog qhov nyiam rau cov ntawv thov no vim lawv lub zog zoo dua, qaug zog tiv thaiv, thiab formability- ua kom rov ua dua folding ntawm lub cuab yeej thaum tuav cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev thermal conductivity kuj pab kom dissipate tshav kub los ntawm lub foldable zaub thiab sab hauv Cheebtsam.

3. Txawb xov tooj Back Covers

Rov qab npog rau cov xov tooj smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj (ob qho tib si tshem tau thiab tsis yog- tshem tau). 5052-H34 thiab 6063-T5 alloy nplooj ntawv yog siv rau cov ntaub npog nraub qaum, muab cov qauv tsim nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo. Kev kho deg zoo li txhuam tiav, sandblasting, thiab anodization tsim qhov zoo saib, thaum cov khoom siv ruaj ruaj tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej los ntawm khawb thiab poob.

4. Roj teeb Enclosures & Kub dab dej

Roj teeb enclosures thiab sab hauv kub dab dej rau cov khoom siv mobile. 5052-H34 alloy sheets yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov roj teeb enclosures vim lawv cov corrosion kuj thiab formability, tiv thaiv roj teeb los ntawm ya raws thiab lub cev puas tsuaj. Aluminium lub thermal conductivity zoo heev ua rau nws haum rau cov dab dej kub, ua kom cov cua sov tawm ntawm CPU thiab roj teeb kom tsis txhob overheating.

5. Kho kom zoo nkauj Cheebtsam & Trims

Kho kom zoo nkauj trims, lub koob yees duab rings, thiab logo daim hlau rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes . 1050-O thiab 6063-T5 alloy sheets yog siv rau cov khoom no, muab zoo heev formability thiab nto tiav. Anodization, PVD txheej, thiab txhuam tiav ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam duab.

6. Internal Structural Brackets & EMI Shielding

Internal structural brackets thiab electromagnetic cuam tshuam (EMI) shielding Cheebtsam . 6061-T6 thiab 5052-H34 alloy sheets yog siv rau structural brackets, muab kev them nyiaj yug rau sab hauv Cheebtsam xws li zaub thiab motherboards. Nyias 1050-O nplooj ntawv yog siv rau EMI shielding, tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm.

Fabrication & Processing Tips for Txawb xov tooj Aluminium Sheet

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua tau zoo, qhov tseeb, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv xov tooj ntawm tes, ntawm no yog cov tswv yim tsim thiab ua cov lus qhia raws li peb cov kev paub txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:

Alloy xaiv:Xaiv cov hlau zoo raws li kev ua haujlwm: 6061-T6 / 7003-T6 rau thav duab / pob khawm (siab zog), 5052-H34 rau nraub qaum npog / roj teeb enclosures (corrosion resistance), 1050-O rau cov khoom zoo nkauj / EMI shielding (formability). Tham nrog peb pab neeg ua haujlwm rau cov lus pom zoo raws li cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Txiav & Machining Guidelines:Siv laser txiav los yog CNC milling rau siab -precision, burr- txiav dawb- tseem ceeb rau nruj - kam rau ua mobile Cheebtsam. Rau ultra- cov ntawv nyias (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.3mm), siv cov txiav txiav kom huv si thiab zam cov khoom deformation. Tsis txhob muaj cua sov ntau thaum lub sij hawm machining, vim qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov khoom tiav.

Bending & Forming Lub Tswv Yim:Siv txias dabtsi yog khoov rau cov ntawv txhuas kom muaj zog thiab zam kev puas tsuaj. Xyuas kom lub vojvoog khoov yam tsawg kawg nkaus (2-3 zaug ntawm daim ntawv tuab) kom tiv thaiv kev tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov alloys muaj zog xws li 6061-T6. Rau cov duab tsis yooj yim, siv cov txheej txheem stamping nrog precision tuag kom ua tau raws li qhov sib xws thiab qhov raug.

Cov lus pom zoo kho deg:Rau cov khoom siv hwm zoo, xaiv anodization (nyuaj anodization rau khawb tsis kam) lossis PVD txheej (rau cov hlau ua tiav zoo li kub / sawv kub). Xyuas kom cov kev kho saum npoo yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw huv, tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob. Rau sab nraub qaum, siv cov xuab zeb blasting ua raws li anodization los tsim matte, ntiv tes - tiv taus tiav.

Precision Control:Ua kom nruj tswj xyuas qhov tuab thiab qhov ntev ntev (± 0.01mm) kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom haum seamlessly ua ke. Siv cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsis siv neeg (xws li, lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag) los xyuas qhov ntev thiab qhov tsis xws luag thaum tsim khoom. Ua kev khawb kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov khoom tiav kom ntseeg tau zoo.

Ntxuav & Degreasing:Ua tib zoo ntxuav cov nplooj ntawv txhuas ua ntej ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov roj, plua plav, thiab cov pa phem -tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo adhesion ntawm kev kho deg thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis xws luag. Siv cov tshuaj ntxuav me me alkaline thiab cov dej deionized los ntxuav, ua raws li huab cua kom qhuav hauv chav huv huv.

Kev tuav & Cia:Tuav cov nplooj ntawv nrog huv, lint - hnab looj tes dawb kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntiv tes, hloov roj, thiab khawb qhov chaw. Khaws cov ntawv ultra- nyias nyias nyias ntawm cov racks tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob deformation. Khaws cov ntawv hauv qhov huv, qhuav, qhov kub thiab txias -ib puag ncig tswj (chav nyiam dua) kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav thiab ya raws. Tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv tsuas yog ua ntej ua haujlwm kom khaws cov khoom tiav.

Kev soj ntsuam zoo:Ua nruj me ntsis kev soj ntsuam zoo nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom- kuaj cov khoom siv raw (tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab), kev tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm (qhov tseeb, qhov tsis xws luag), thiab kev tshuaj xyuas zaum kawg (nto tiav, khawb tsis kam). Siv cov txheej txheem txheeb cais (SPC) los saib xyuas kev tsim khoom zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev sib xws.

Peb Cov Kev Pabcuam Zoo & Kev Pabcuam Customization

Peb nkag siab tias cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj ntawm tes xav tau kev tswj xyuas nruj, kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem. Tias yog vim li cas peb Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Txawb Xov Tooj tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg zoo thiab cov kev pabcuam hloov kho tau yooj yim:

Electronics -Qib Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo:Ntau-theem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm kev xaiv raw khoom (siab-purity aluminium ingots) mus rau dov, annealing, deg kho, thiab ntim zaum kawg. Peb pab neeg ua tau zoo kuaj cov tuab tuab, qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, qhov tsis xws luag, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab kev ua tiav saum npoo kom ntseeg tau tias txhua daim ntawv ua tau raws li cov qauv nruj ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob.

Tag nrho Traceability:Txhua daim ntawv tuaj nrog tus lej tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem (MTR), muab tag nrho traceability ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom- tseem ceeb rau cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob cov kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb.

Customization Options:Peb muab kev cai thicknesses (0.1mm-1.0mm), kev cai dav / ntev (txiav- rau-loj kom txo cov khib nyiab), thiab kho qhov chaw kho mob (anodization, PVD, txhuam tiav, sandblasting). Peb kuj tseem muab cov khoom ua ntej -fabricated Cheebtsam (laser-txiav blanks, stamped qhov chaw) kom txuag koj lub sij hawm ntau lawm thiab xyuas kom meej.

Kev them nyiaj yug Technical & Logistics:Peb pab neeg ntawm txhuas thiab hluav taws xob ua cov kws tshaj lij muab cov kev taw qhia tus kheej ntawm kev xaiv cov hlau, cov txheej txheem tsim, kev kho saum npoo, thiab cov khoom tsim kho kom zoo. Peb muab cov qauv kev cob qhia rau kev kuaj thiab kev siv tau. Peb siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv- khawb khawb (nqus- lub hnab ntim khoom, ua npuas ncauj padding) los tiv thaiv ultra- cov ntawv nyias thaum caij tsheb thauj mus los thiab muab cov kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb kom ua tau raws li cov sijhawm tsim khoom nruj- suav nrog rau - lub sijhawm xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb.

Txawm hais tias koj tab tom tsim lub xov tooj zoo tshaj plaws, lub cuab yeej foldable, lossis cov ntsiav tshuaj hwm, peb lub Aluminium Phaj Sheet Rau Cov Xov Tooj Txawb muab cov qauv tsim, lub zog siab, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntau yam uas koj xav tau. Cia siab rau peb cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev siv hluav taws xob- qib txhuas cov kev daws teeb meem kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev sib tw ntawm koj lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Hu rau peb hnub no los tham txog koj cov kev xav tau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tshwj xeeb, thov cov qauv, lossis tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim.