Vim li cas Aerospace Yuav Qws thiab Bar Ntau dua li Hlau hauv General
Aluminium alloys nyob rau hauv aerospace qhov hnyav li ntawm 2.70 mus rau 2.83 g / cm³, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau, thaum lub zog 7xxx tempers ncav cuag cov tensile zog ze rau 572 MPa. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau lub zog- rau- qhov hnyav piv cov qauv hlau tsis tuaj yeem sib xws hauv tib lub hnab ntawv, uas yog vim li cas txhuas tseem yog cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tshuab fittings, thav ntawv thiab fasteners txawm tias cov qauv tseem ceeb tau hloov mus rau cov khoom sib xyaw.
Qws thiab bar yog cov qauv pib rau peb txoj haujlwm dav: machined structural qhov chaw xws li thav duab, brackets thiab fittings; fasteners xws li rivets thiab bolts; thiab cov khoom uas raug tsim los yog forged ua ntej kawg machining. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog tus neeg yuav khoom txhuas feem ntau. Qhov kev txiav txim npe hu ua alloy, temper, ib daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom, ib tug loj npaum li cas thiab ib tug tswj specification, thiab cov khoom raug soj ntsuam raws li qhov specification. Qhov ntawd yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qib aviation: cov ntaub ntawv chemistry, kuaj cov khoom thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv.
Alloy Tsev Neeg thiab Qib
2xxx, Al-Cu-Mg, puas siab puas ntsws.2024 yog cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev qaug zog- qhov tseem ceeb. Nws cov kev txwv rau npe yog tooj liab 3.8-4.9%, magnesium 1.2-1.8% thiab manganese 0.3-0.9%, thiab nws lub zog tensile ib txwm nyob rau hauv T3 thiab T351 tempers yog txog 469 MPa, nrog zoo tiv thaiv kev qaug zog tawg tawg. Nws yog siv rau fuselage tawv, stringers thiab machined fittings. Bar, pas nrig thiab xaim yog muab rau AMS-QQ-A-225/6, thiab dov los yog txias-tiav bar nyob rau hauv T4 los yog T351 mob rau AMS 4120. Lub T351 temper yog tov thaum tshav kub kub kho thiab kev ntxhov siab relieved los ntawm kev tswj stretching, uas txhim kho qhov ntev stability thaum lub sij hawm machining 0}t-p{2. tooj liab 2.2-3.0% thiab magnesium 0.20-0.50%, tseem siv rau lub taub hau txias rivets.
7xxx, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, siab tshaj plaws.7075 yog qhov kev xaiv tus qauv uas lub zog tswj hwm. Nws cov kev txwv rau npe yog zinc 5.1-6.1%, magnesium 2.1-2.9%, tooj liab 1.2-2.0% thiab chromium 0.18-0.28%. Nyob rau hauv T6 temper nws muab ib tug tensile lub zog ntawm txog 572 MPa, tab sis nws yog rhiab heev rau kev ntxhov siab-corrosion tawg, thiab qhov rhiab heev yog tswj los ntawm temper xaiv es tsis yog los ntawm alloy hloov. Bar thiab pas nrig yog muab rau AMS-QQ-A-225/9 los yog rau ASTM B211 rau cov lus qhia dav dav.
6xxx, Al-Mg-Si, corrosion resistant thiab weldable.6061 nrog magnesium 0.8-1.2% thiab silicon 0.40-0.8% yog qhov dav dav engineering alloy ntawm pab pawg. Nyob rau hauv lub T6 temper nws nqa ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus tensile lub zog ntawm 290 MPa thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm ntawm 240 MPa rau daim ntawv thiab phaj, thiab nws tshuab thiab welds zoo. Nws lub zog yog qis dua li ntawm 7075, yog li nws raug xaiv rau cov hlua khi, fittings thiab lwm yam qauv es tsis yog rau cov khoom tseem ceeb heev. Qws thiab bar yog them los ntawm AMS 4117 thiab ASTM B211.
Tempers thiab Stress -Corrosion Trade- tawm
| Alloy thiab tempered | Hom tensile zog | Tsim ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-T351 | 469 MPa rau | qaug zog thiab puas kam rau ua; kev nyuaj siab relieved los ntawm stretching |
| 7075-T6 | 572 MPa rau | Lub zog siab tshaj; rhiab heev rau kev ntxhov siab-corrosion tawg |
| 7075-T73 / T7351 | kwv yees li 10% hauv qab T6 | Tshaj - laus los pauv me ntsis lub zog kom muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua - corrosion kuj |
| 6061-T6 | 290 MPa yam tsawg kawg nkaus | Weldable, corrosion resistant, qis zog |
Kev lag luam yog txhob txwm tshaj tawm thiab khaws cia zoo: dhau - laus 7075 rau T73 txo lub zog los ntawm kwv yees li ib feem kaum thiab ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab-corrosion cracking, uas yog vim li cas cov ntu tuab thiab cov khoom thauj khoom nyob rau hauv luv luv transverse kev taw qhia feem ntau teev nyob rau hauv T73 los yog T7351 txawm tias T6 yuav kuaj lub tshuab muaj zog.
Specifications, Testing thiab Traceability
Daim ntawv xaj aviation yuav tsum sau npe rau cov hlau alloy, temper, khoom daim ntawv, qhov loj me, kev tswj xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum tau ua. Chemistry tau txheeb xyuas qhov txwv tsis pub siv rau cov hlau, cov khoom siv kho tshuab raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev ntsuas tensile ntawm cov khoom tiav lossis ntawm cov qauv txiav los ntawm nws, thiab kev kho cua sov yog ua rau lub sijhawm tswj xws li AMS 2770 es tsis yog los ntawm kev xyaum hauv zos.
Tsis yog- kev tshuaj xyuas kev puas tsuaj ua raws li qhov kev thuam. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov kua dej nkag mus rau ASTM E1417 yog siv los nrhiav qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom tiav, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ultrasonic rau ASTM E2375 yog siv los saib rau qhov tsis xws luag hauv bar thiab phaj ua ntej machining. Traceability txhais tau hais tias cov xov tooj cua sov, daim ntawv pov thawj zeb thiab cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem txuas tau; tsis muaj qhov txuas ntawd, cov khoom siv uas ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuab yog tseem tsis tsim nyog cov khoom lag luam.
Yuav Cov Ntsiab Lus
Txheeb xyuas daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv kev xaj khoom los ntawm kab: alloy, temper, daim ntawv, qhov loj me, tus lej tshwj xeeb thiab kho dua, tus lej ntsuas kub, thiab qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb es tsis yog nqe lus hais tias cov khoom ua raws. Paub meej tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev muab khoom, txij li T351 bar yog kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ncab thaum T4 tsis yog, thiab ob tus cwj pwm txawv thaum lub phab ntsa nyias yog machined. Paub meej tias qhov chaw saum npoo thiab qhov ncaj, vim hais tias bar feem ntau ncaj thiab cov khoom ncaj nraim 7xxx nqa cov kev ntxhov siab uas tuaj yeem txav mus rau ib feem thaum lub sijhawm machining. Thaum kawg, paub meej tias qhov loj me me thiab qib tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, vim tias cov no feem ntau yog vim li cas cov khoom xa tuaj raug tsis lees paub ntawm daim ntawv txais nyiaj.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q:Yam aviation pas nrig alloy yog qhov muaj zog tshaj?
A: 7075 nyob rau hauv T6 temper, ntawm ib tug raug tensile zog ntawm txog 572 MPa. Yog hais tias ib feem yog loaded nyob rau hauv lub luv luv transverse kev taw qhia los yog tuab, T73 los yog T7351 feem ntau yog teev es tsis txhob, lees txais kwv yees li kaum feem pua lub zog tsawg dua rau kev ntxhov siab ntau dua - corrosion resistance.
Q:Qib aviation txhais li cas hauv kev xyaum?
A: Kev tswj xyuas tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau kev sim thiab kev taug qab. Cov khoom siv yog tsim thiab sim tawm tsam cov ntawv sau tshwj xeeb xws li AMS-QQ-A-225/9, thiab cov xov tooj cua sov ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau qhov ua tiav. Nws tsis txhais hais tias qib tub rog, thiab nws tsis piav txog ib qho hlau sib txawv.
Q:Vim li cas 2024-T351 yooj yim rau tshuab dua 2024-T4?
A: Lub T351 npau taws suav nrog kev tswj kev ncab tom qab kev kho cua sov, uas txo cov quench -kev ntxhov siab. Qhov chaw nyob qis qis thaum cov khoom raug tshem tawm, yog li qhov ntev tuav zoo dua ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias.
Q:Cov aviation pas nrig puas tuaj yeem welded?
A: 6061 welds yooj yim, tab sis 2xxx thiab 7xxx alloys feem ntau tsis welded rau cov qauv aerospace qhov chaw; lawv yog machined, riveted los yog bolted. Vuam ib feem 7075 tsis yog txoj kev kho, vim tias tshav kub - cuam tshuam thaj tsam poob lub zog thiab ua rau tawg rhiab heev.
Q:Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yuav tsum nrog rau kev xa khoom?
A: Daim ntawv pov thawj zeb lossis daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li cov npe tshuaj chemical thiab cov txiaj ntsig kho tshuab tawm tsam lub npe tshwj xeeb thiab kho dua tshiab, nrog rau tus lej xov tooj cua sov, ntxiv rau cov ntawv ceeb toom tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab cov cua sov- cov ntaub ntawv kho mob uas daim duab kos lossis daim ntawv xaj yuav xav tau.