casting
Cov khoom xyaw: Raws li cov qib alloy tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau tsim, suav cov nyiaj sib ntxiv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hlau thiab tsim nyog phim ntau yam khoom siv raw.
Smelting: Ntxiv cov khoom nyoos npaj rau hauv lub qhov cub smelting rau melting raws li cov txheej txheem, thiab tshem tawm cov impurities thiab gases hauv cov yaj los ntawm degassing thiab slag tshem tawm refining.
