Aluminium alloy tempers xa mus rau qhov sib txawv txhua yam thiab thermal kev kho mob siv rau txhuas kom ua tiav cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li lub zog, hardness, ductility, thiab corrosion kuj. Cov tempers feem ntau muaj xws li O (annealed), H (strain-hardened), thiab T (heat-kho), txhua tus tsim los rau kev lag luam sib txawv xws li marine engineering, kev tsim vaj tsev, thiab cov khoom siv thauj mus los.
Dab tsi yog Aluminium Alloy Tempers?
Aluminium alloy tempers tau txhais raws li cov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas tau muab rau cov hlau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li ASTM thiab EN. Lub temper designation ua raws li tus lej alloy (piv txwv li, 5083-H116 lossis 6061-T6) los qhia meej tias cov khoom siv tau ua tiav li cas ntawm lub zeb.
Kev nkag siab txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm aluminium temper yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tuam txhab thiab cov kws tsim khoom vim tias qhov kub ntxhov dictates cov khoom qhov kev ua tau zoo kawg. Ib qib hlau alloy tuaj yeem pom cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm lub cev nyob ntawm nws qhov kub thiab txias. Lub temper system feem ntau tswj peb yam tseem ceeb:
- Kev tswj lub zog: Kev txiav txim siab qhov tawm los thiab lub zog tensile xav tau rau cov khoom siv thauj khoom-cov kabmob.
- Formability: Dictating ntau npaum li cas cov txhuas phaj tuaj yeem khoov, stamped, lossis kos yam tsis muaj tawg.
- Corrosion resistance: Kho cov qauv hauv cov nplej kom tiv thaiv qhov chaw hnyav, xws li dej hiav txwv lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
Main Aluminium Temper Pawg piav qhia rau Aluminium
Cov txheej txheem kev xaiv aluminium alloy siv cov ntawv los qhia cov txheej txheem kho mob, ua raws li cov lej uas qhia txog kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev npau taws ntawm lub hauv paus.
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| H | Lim-Hardened Temper: Siv rau cov khoom siv zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias (strain hardening). Cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho cua sov ntxiv tom qab strain hardening, nrog lossis tsis muaj qhov txo qis hauv lub zog. |
| O | Annealed Temper: Siv rau cov khoom siv wrought uas tau ua tiav tag nrho kom tau txais lub zog qis tshaj plaws thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ductility. |
| T | Thaum tshav kub kub-Thiab Temper: Sib txawv ntawm F, O, thiab H tempers. Siv rau cov khoom uas muaj thermally kho, nrog los yog tsis muaj strain hardening, los tsim tempers ruaj khov. Lub npe T yuav tsum ua raws li ib lossis ntau tus lej (feem ntau yog siv rau cov cua sov- kho tau cov alloys). |
| W | Txoj Kev Kub Kub-Thiab Temper: Kev kub ntxhov tsis ruaj khov tsuas yog siv tau rau cov alloys uas tau ua kom sov sov-kho thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog ntawm chav tsev kub. Qhov kev xaiv no qhia tau hais tias cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hloov pauv. |
| F | Raws li -Fabricated Temper: Siv rau cov khoom zoo li thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem uas tsis muaj kev tswj tshwj xeeb ntawm thermal lossis strain hardening tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau. Cov khoom siv tshuab tsis tau teev tseg. |
H Temper (Strain{0}}Hardened) rau Aluminium
H temper txhais tau tias yog ib qho mob uas lub zog ntawm cov txhuas yog nce los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias (strain hardening), xws li dov cov hlau ntawm chav tsev kub. Qhov kev npau taws no feem ntau yog siv rau cov uas tsis yog-kub- kho tau, suav nrog 1xxx, 3xxx, thiab 5xxx series.
H code qauv muaj ob mus rau peb tus lej:
- H1 (Strain hardened nkaus xwb): Cov hlau yog txias - dov mus rau qhov xav tau qhov ntev yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov tom ntej.
- H2 (Strain hardened thiab ib nrab annealed): Cov hlau yog txias - ua hauj lwm tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau lub zog zaum kawg, ces rhuab me ntsis kom soften nws rov qab mus rau lub hom phiaj lub zog, txhim kho ductility.
- H3 (Strain hardened thiab stabilized): Cov hlau yog txias- ua hauj lwm thiab ces raug rau ib tug tsawg- txheej txheem cua sov kom stabilize nws txhua yam khoom thiab tiv thaiv lub hnub nyoog softening.
- H4 yog kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev ua haujlwm tawv thiab pleev xim. Nws siv rau cov khoom uas tau dhau los ua haujlwm hardening thiab pleev xim, ua rau tsis tiav annealing.
Tus lej thib ob hauv H temper designation qhia qhovdegree ntawm strain hardeningua tiav hauv cov khoom siv.
Feem ntau, strain hardening theem yog muab faib ua8 qib, qhov twg:
1=lowest hardness
8=hardness siab tshaj (tag nrho nyuaj)
9=mob hnyav dua li Hx8
H1x Series - Lim Hardened nkaus xwb
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| H12 | Strin hardened rau kwv yees li25% ntawm tag nrho hardness |
| H14 |
Strin hardened rau kwv yees li50% ntawm tag nrho hardness |
| H16 | Strin hardened rau kwv yees li75% ntawm tag nrho hardness |
| H18 | Strin hardened rau100% (tag nrho hard condition) |
| H19 | Ntxiv strain hardened mob; tensile lub zog yog tsawg kawg10 N / mm² siab dua H18 |
H2x Series - Strin Hardened thiab Ib Nrab Annealed
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| H22 | Lim hardened thiab ces ib nrab annealed rau25% hardness |
| H24 | Lim hardened thiab ces ib nrab annealed rau50% hardness |
| H26 | Lim hardened thiab ces ib nrab annealed rau75% hardness |
| H28 | Lim hardened thiab ces ib nrab annealed rau100% hardness |
H3x Series - Strain Hardened thiab Stabilized
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| H32 |
Strin hardened thiab stabilized rau25% hardness |
| H34 |
Strin hardened thiab stabilized rau50% hardness Nyeem ntxiv:5052 H34 |
| H36 | Strin hardened thiab stabilized rau75% hardness |
| H38 | Strin hardened thiab stabilized rau100% hardness |
H4x Series - Lim Hardened thiab pleev xim rau
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| H42 | Strin hardened thiab lacquered / pleev xim rau,25% hardness |
| H44 | Strin hardened thiab lacquered / pleev xim rau,50% hardness |
| H46 | Strin hardened thiab lacquered / pleev xim rau,75% hardness |
| H48 | Strin hardened thiab lacquered / pleev xim rau,100% hardness |
Tshwj xeeb HXXX Tempers hauv Aluminium Alloys
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| H111 |
Siv rau cov khoom uas tau dhau los lawmkawg annealing ua raws li me ntsis ntawm strain hardening, tab sis cov℃ntawm strain hardening yogtsawg dua qhov xav tau rau H11 temper. |
| H112 |
Siv rau cov khoom uas yogtsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kub. Mechanical zog yogtau teev tseg thiab ua tau raws li cov cai, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb℃ntawm strain hardening tsis tswj. Nyeem ntxiv:5083-H112, 5A06 H112 Aluminium Phaj |
| H116 |
Siv rau5XXX series alloys nrog magnesium ntsiab lus Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 4.0%. Cov khoom no sib ntsibteev cov khoom siv kho tshuabthiab muabtxhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau exfoliation corrosion, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau marine ib puag ncig. |
| H321 |
Siv rau cov khoom uas yogstrain hardened thiab ces stabilized los ntawm ib tug tsawg-kub thermal kho. Qhov npau taws no txhim khotiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab corrosion thiab microstructural instability, thaum tswj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam li H32. Nyeem ntxiv:5083 H321 Aluminium Phaj |
T Temper Subdivisions (TX Tempers) hauv Aluminium Alloys
Hauv T temper designation system, tus lej tom qab "T" (0–10) qhia qhovib theem zuj zus ntawm thermal thiab mechanical kev kho mobsiv rau cov khoom.
T0 – T10 Tempers
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| T0 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho, ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog, thiab tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm txiaskom muaj zog. |
| T1 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogtxias los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias shaping txheej txheem thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog mus rau ib qho kev ruaj khov zoo heev, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm txias ntxiv (txoj kev ncaj lossis flattening yog tso cai yog tias nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab). |
| T2 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogTxias los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom txias, ua haujlwm txias, thiab tom qab ntawd ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog mus rau qhov xwm txheej ruaj khov. |
| T3 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho, ua haujlwm txias, thiab tom qab ntawd ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog mus rau qhov xwm txheej ruaj khov. |
| T4 |
Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog mus rau ib qho chaw ruaj khov, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm txias ntxiv (txoj kev ncaj lossis flattening yog tso cai yog tias nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab). Nyeem ntxiv:6061 T4 Aluminium Tube |
| T5 |
Siv rau cov khoom uas yogtxias los ntawm kev kub siab shaping txheej txheem thiab ces artificially laus, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm txias (txoj kev ncaj lossis flattening yog tso cai yog tias nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab). Nyeem ntxiv:6005 T5 Txhuas Rectangular Tube ,6063-T5 Aluminium yeeb nkab |
| T6 |
Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov- kho thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg laus laus, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm txias ntxiv (txoj kev ncaj lossis flattening yog tso cai yog tias nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab). Nyeem ntxiv:6061 T6 Aluminium Tube, 6082 T6 Aluminium Phaj |
| T7 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogkev daws cov cua sov- kho thiab tom qab ntawd dhau lawm (cov hnub qub tshaj li qhov siab tshaj plaws)kom tau txais cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li txhim kho corrosion kuj lossis qhov ruaj khov. |
| T8 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogkev kho cua sov-kho, ua haujlwm txias, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hnub qubkom muaj zog. |
| T9 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho, hnub nyoog, thiab ua haujlwm txiaskom ntxiv dag zog. |
| T10 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogtxias los ntawm kev kub siab shaping txheej txheem, txias ua hauj lwm, thiab ces artificially lauskom ua tiav lub zog siab dua. |
TXX and TXXX Tempers in Aluminium Alloys
Cov tempers no qhia tias cov khoom tau dhau mus lawmkev kho tshwj xeebuas ho hloov nws cov khoom, xws limechanical zog, corrosion kuj, los yog kev nyuaj siab corrosion cwj pwm.
| Kub | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| T42 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov- kho los ntawm O lossis F temper thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov. Kuj tseem siv tau rau cov khoom siv cua sov-kho los ntawm kev npau taws kom ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib npaug rau T42. |
| T62 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho los ntawm O lossis F temper thiab tom qab ntawd cov hnub qub. Kuj tseem siv tau rau cov khoom cua sov-kho los ntawm kev npau taws kom ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib npaug rau T62. |
| T73 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho thiab dhau lawmkom ua tiav tau teev tsegmechanical zog thiab txhim kho kev nyuaj siab corrosion kuj. |
| T74 | Zoo ib yam li T73, tab sis nrogsiab tensile zog tshaj T73 thiab qis dua T76, thaum tswj kev ntxhov siab corrosion kuj zoo. |
| T76 | Zoo ib yam li T73, tab sis nrogsiab tensile zog tshaj T73 thiab T74, thiabqis zog corrosion kuj, thaum tseem tuav zoo exfoliation corrosion kuj. |
| T7X2 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov-kho los ntawm O lossis F temper thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav ntau dhau, ua tiav txhua yam thiab corrosion zog sib npaug rau T7X tempers. |
| T81 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov- kho, ua haujlwm txias (~ 1% deformation), thiab tom qab ntawd cov hnub nyoog tsim khoomkom muaj zog. |
| T87 | Siv rau cov khoom uas yogdaws cov cua sov- kho, ua haujlwm txias (~ 7% deformation), thiab tom qab ntawd muaj hnub nyoog li qubrau siab zog. |
Kev Nyuaj Siab-Tshem cov cua sov hauv Aluminium Alloys
(Suffixes "51", "510", "52", "54" yog ntxiv tom qab TX / TXX / TXXX tempers los qhia kev ntxhov siab-kev kho mob nyem.)
-51 Tempers (TX51/TXX51/TXX51)
| Yam khoom | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Txheej txheem | Kev nyuaj siab relieved los ntawmstretching tom qab kev daws cov kev kho cua sov los yog txias los ntawm kev kub siab shaping txheej txheem |
| Cov khoom siv | Phaj, dov los yog txias -cov tuav tiav, tuag forgings, forging rings, thiab dov rings |
| Tshaj tawm -Kev kho mob | Tsis muaj ntxiv straightening tom qab ncab |
| Txheej Txheem | Phaj:1.5% – 3% |
| Rolled los yog txias - cov khoom tiav:1% – 3% | |
| Tuag forgings / forging rings / dov rings:1% – 5% |
Nyeem ntxiv:6061-T651 Aluminium Alloy Phaj,7075-T651 Aluminium phaj
-510 Tempers (TX510/TXX510/TXX510)
| Yam khoom | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Txheej txheem | Kev nyuaj siab relieved los ntawmstretching tom qab kev daws cov kev kho cua sov los yog txias los ntawm kev kub siab shaping txheej txheem |
| Cov khoom siv | Extruded pas nrig, tuav, cov duab, cov raj, thiab kos cov raj |
| Tshaj tawm -Kev kho mob | Tsis muaj ntxiv straightening tom qab ncab |
| Txheej Txheem | Extruded pas nrig, tuav, duab, raj:1% – 3% |
| Drawn tubes:1.5% – 3% |
-52 Tempers (TX52/TXX52/TXX52)
| Yam khoom | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Txheej txheem | Kev nyuaj siab relieved los ntawmcompression tom qab cov tshuaj kho cua sov los yog txias los ntawm siab - kub sib sau |
| Cov khoom siv | Ntau yam wrought aluminium khoom |
| Txheej Txheem | 1% – 5% |
-54 Tempers (TX54/TXX54/TXX54)
| Yam khoom | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Txheej txheem | Kev nyuaj siab relieved los ntawmtxias sizing nyob rau hauv kawg forging tuag |
| Cov khoom siv | Tuag forgings |
O Temper (Annealed)
Lub O temper yog hais txog qhov muag muag tag nrho ntawm aluminium alloys. Nws yog ua tiav los ntawm cua sov cov hlau mus rau qhov kub thiab txias nws maj mam. Qhov no temper muab lub zog qis tshaj tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ductility thiab formability.
Yam ntxwv: Kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Tej kev siv: Cov txheej txheem kos duab sib sib zog nqus, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm nyuaj uas cov hlau yuav tsum khoov kom zoo yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
F Temper (raws li Fabricated)
F temper txhais tau tias yog cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj (dov, extruding, lossis casting) yam tsis muaj kev tswj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cua sov los yog lub zog hardening. Tsis muaj kev lees paub txhua yam khoom rau F temper cov khoom, thiab lawv feem ntau yuav los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom uas yuav forge los yog cua sov- kho cov khoom lawv tus kheej.
W Temper (Kev daws teeb meem kub -Kho)
W temper yog hais txog qhov tsis ruaj khov tom qab kev kho cua sov. Vim hais tias cov hlau ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog ntawm chav tsev kub nyob rau lub sijhawm, W temper tsis tshua siv rau cov khoom lag luam ncaj qha thiab feem ntau yog theem nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Aluminium Alloy Temper Chart rau Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Daim ntawv qhia aluminium temper nram qab no muab cov lus qhia ceev kom phim lub xeev temper nrog lawv cov qib zog thiab cov qauv kev siv.
| Kub | Lub ntsiab lus | Qib Siab | Tej kev siv |
| O | Annealed (tag nrho softened) | Tsawg | Sib sib zog nqus txoj kev, chemical tank, piping |
| H32 | Strin hardened + stabilized (1/4 nyuaj) | Nruab nrab | Tread phaj, txee enclosures, general sheet hlau |
| H116 | Marine qib strain hardened | Nruab nrab -High | Nkoj hulls, bulkheads, decks |
| H321 | Stabilized marine qib | Siab | Offshore qauv, cov hlab ntsha siab |
| T6 | Thaum tshav kub kub kho + artificially laus | Siab | Aerospace Cheebtsam, hnyav structural yam |
| T651 | Thaum tshav kub kub kho + kev ntxhov siab relieved | Siab | CNC machined qhov chaw, pwm ua |
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Qhov Zoo Aluminium Temper rau Koj Qhov Kev Ua Haujlwm
Xaiv qhov kev npau taws kom raug yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov xav tau lub zog xav tau, vuam qhov xav tau, thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas.
1. Kev siv Marine thiab Offshore
Thaum tsim cov nkoj ua haujlwm, yachts, lossis cov chaw ua haujlwm sab nrauv, cov khoom siv yuav ntsib cov dej ntsev txuas ntxiv.
Kev pom zoo5083 txhuas phaj H116 los yog H321. Cov tempers no lav tias magnesium nyob rau hauv lub alloy yuav tsis precipitate ntawm lub grain ciam teb, yog li tiv thaiv intergranular thiab exfoliation corrosion.
2. Rau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm siab
Yog tias koj tab tom tsim khoom thauj khoom -cov kabmob thav duab, cov khoom siv choj, lossis cov tshuab ua haujlwm, lub zog tawm los yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev pom zoo6061-T6 los yog 7075-T651. Yog hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau hnyav CNC milling, ib txwm xaiv T651 los xyuas kom meej tias lub phaj nyob twj ywm zoo kawg nkaus tom qab tshem tawm cov khoom.
3. Rau kev tsim, khoov, thiab stamping
Thaum tsim cov vaj huam sib luag hauv tsheb, roj tso tsheb hlau luam, lossis cov khoom siv sib txuas, cov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg thaum khoov.
Kev pom zoo: O temper los yog 5052-H32.
Kev xaiv ntawm temper nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, corrosion kuj, thiab formability yuav tsum tau rau daim ntawv thov. Yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias qhov twg npau taws yog koj qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb,tiv tauj peb pab pawg engineering hnub no rau kev tshuaj xyuas sai thiab kev sib tw lag luam wholesale.
Hu rau peb pab pawg engineering hnub no
GNEE Advantage
GNEE yog ib lub tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv Suav teb aluminium- cov neeg muag khoom ncaj qha, tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam thiab marine qib txhuas. Peb tsis yog lag luam xwb; peb tswj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev kub ntxhov thoob ntiaj teb.
Peb Lub Hoobkas Muaj Peev Xwm & Cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb:
- Khoom siv: Peb ua haujlwm 3300mm dav "1+4" kub dov kab thiab 4000-tuj stretching tshuab. Lub tshuab hnyav no tso cai rau peb los tsim ultra- dav marine daim hlau (txog 2600mm dav) thiab lav qhov flatness ntawm T651 daim hlau txo kev ntxhov siab.
- Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo: Txhua pawg ntawm 5083 H116 thiab H321 marine aluminium alloy tau dhau ASTM G66 (exfoliation corrosion) thiab ASTM G67 (intergranular corrosion) kuaj.
- Kev Muaj Peev Xwm: Peb muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua hli ntawm 900+ tons.
- Seaworthy Ntim: Peb nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv. Txhua daim hlau txhuas yog interleaved nrog noo noo- ntawv pov thawj kraft ntawv, qhwv hauv cov yas yas tsis muaj dej, ntim nrog cov khoom siv desiccants, thiab ruaj ntseg ntawm fumigated ntoo pallets.
- Cov ntaub ntawv siv tiag tiag: Hauv xyoo 2023, peb tau muab 150 tons ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj 5083-H116 txhuas daim hlau rau lub chaw nres nkoj hauv Singapore rau kev soj ntsuam nkoj. Cov phiaj tau dhau los ntawm ABS cov neeg soj ntsuam xyuas ntawm thawj qhov kev sim, thiab tus neeg siv khoom tau tshaj tawm xoom tawg thaum lub voj voog kaw ntom nti.
Txawm hais tias koj xav tau 5083 txhuas phaj H116 rau kev tsim nkoj lossis 6061-T651 rau kev ua haujlwm hauv aerospace, GNEE muab ntau- alloy mov, kev cai qhov ntev, thiab kev txhawb nqa tag nrho marine certification. Xa koj daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv rau peb thiab thov tempers tam sim no, thiab peb yuav muab Hoobkas ncaj nqe nqe hauv 24 teev.
Tau txais cov lus hais hauv 24 teev